Millennial Fiqh: Bridging Islamic Tradition and Social Media in Madrasahs
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35723/ajie.v9i2.154Keywords:
Millennial Fiqh, Social Media, Generation Z, Islamic EducationAbstract
This study examines the implementation of millennial fiqh in madrasahs in Mandailing Natal, Indonesia, to bridge Islamic tradition and digital modernity for Generation Z. Adopting a qualitative case study design, data were collected from three accredited madrasahs (A, B, and C) through in-depth interviews with principals, fiqh teachers, and students, participatory observations in classrooms and digital environments, and analysis of curriculum documents and teaching materials. Data validity was ensured through triangulation of sources (comparing perspectives of teachers, students, and documents), methods (integrating interviews, observations, and document analysis), and theories (referencing maqashid sharia and digital education frameworks). Thematic analysis, based on Miles and Huberman’s model, identified patterns of challenges and opportunities. Findings indicate that millennial fiqh implementation is hindered by normative curricula focused on classical fiqh, limited teacher capacity in digital issues, inadequate technological infrastructure, dominant traditional values, and negative social media influences, such as hate speech and cyberbullying. However, significant opportunities arise from students’ enthusiasm for contemporary fiqh, teachers’ openness to innovation, and technology’s potential as an interactive learning medium. The proposed millennial fiqh curriculum model integrates maqashid sharia principles into social media ethics, contemporary fatwas on digital transactions, and real-world case studies. This model enhances students’ digital ethics awareness, teachers’ pedagogical skills, and madrasahs’ adaptability. Theoretically, millennial fiqh enriches contemporary Islamic education, supporting Sustainable Development Goals for inclusive education with substantial local and global implications.
References
[1] Abdelgalil, R. … Alnaief, M. (2024). Sustainability in Education from the Perspectives of Islamic Shari’ah and the United Nations’ SDG4. Manchester Journal of Transnational Islamic Law and Practice, 20(2), 234–247. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85201098567&partnerID=40&md5=b31c82210abfbe10d2debb3b66f0ea38
[2] Abdullah, A. B. … Mohd Nor, M. R. (2013). Postmodernism approach in islamic jurisprudence (fiqh). Middle East Journal of Scientific Research, 13(1), 33–40. https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.mejsr.2013.13.1.1756
[3] Acosta, L. … Pervez, S. (2023). Ethical Challenges Associated with Security Vulnerabilities and Data Privacy in Social Networking. Proceedings - International Conference on Developments in ESystems Engineering, DeSE, 647–652. https://doi.org/10.1109/DeSE60595.2023.10469464
[4] Adipat, S., & Chotikapanich, R. (2022). Sustainable Development Goal 4: An Education Goal to Achieve Equitable Quality Education. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 11(6), 174–183. https://doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2022-0159
[5] Adnan, M., & Uyuni, B. (2021). Maqashid Sharia in Millennial Da’wah. SALAM: Jurnal Sosial Dan Budaya Syar-I, 8(5), 1483–1498. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjsbs.v8i5.22736
[6] Afriyanto, D., & Anandari, A. A. (2024). Transformation of Islamic Religious Education in the Context of Multiculturalism at SMA Negeri 9 Yogyakarta Through an Inclusive Approach. Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam, 21(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.14421/jpai.v21i1.7142
[7] Akçay, R. C. (2012). The theory of transformational learning and transformation in adult education. Milli Egitim, 1(196), 5–19. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84873495825&partnerID=40&md5=1e8f0468b3b178023fc901336e890aea
[8] Alhamuddin, A. … Mulyani, D. (2020). Pemberdayaan Berbasis Asset Based Community Development untuk Meningkatkan konpetensi Profesional Guru Madrasah di Era Industri 4.0. International Journal of Community Service Learning, 4(4), 321–331. https://doi.org/10.23887/ijcsl.v4i4.29109
[9] Álvarez, R. D. … Perera, C. J. L. (2023). Digital competence for educators in teacher training: self-construction of digital materials. Bordon. Revista de Pedagogia, 75(4), 135–150. https://doi.org/10.13042/Bordon.2023.97999
[10] Anderson, T. L. … Goldhaber, K. (2025). Contributing Factors to the Rise in Adolescent Anxiety and Associated Mental Health Disorders: A Narrative Review of Current Literature. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing, 38(1). https://doi.org/10.1111/jcap.70009
[11] Annur, C. M. (2023). Pengguna Internet di Indonesia Tembus 213 Juta Orang hingga Awal 2023. Databoks. https://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2023/09/20/pengguna-internet-di-indonesia-tembus-213-juta-orang-hingga-awal-2023
[12] Anugerah, R. B. (2023). Transformasi Madrasah dalam Menghadapi Tantangan di Era Society 5.0. At-Tarbawi: Jurnal Kajian Kependidikan Islam, 8(2), 153–170. https://doi.org/10.22515/attarbawi.v8i2.7889
[13] Anwa, K. … Sahid, M. M. (2021). Maqasid Syariah According To Imam Al-Ghazali And Its Application In The Compilation Of Islamic Law In Indonesia. Malaysian Journal of Syariah and Law, 9(2), 75–87. https://doi.org/10.33102/mjsl.vol9no2.315
[14] Ardiansyah, H. (2022). Implementasi Peraturan Bupati Mandailing Natal Nomor 14 Tahun 2012 Dalam Rangka Meningkatkan Pendapatan Asli Daerah ( PAD ). Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Ilmu Sosial Dan Politik [JIMSIPOL], 2(September), 1–10. http://repository.umsu.ac.id/bitstream/handle/123456789/4944/Implementasi Peraturan Bupati Mandailing Natal No 14 Tahun 2012 Dalam Rangka Meningkatkan Pendapatan Asli Daerah.pdf?sequence=1
[15] Astuti, M. … Puspita, W. (2024). The Relevance Of The Merdeka Curriculum In Improving The Quality Of Islamic Education In Indonesia. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 23(6), 56–72. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.23.6.3
[16] Atiyah, G. A. … Rahman, A. (2024). Legitimacy of Smart Contracts from the Perspective of Islamic Law: A Case Study of Blockchain Transactions. Al-Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum Islam, 9(1), 155–192. https://doi.org/10.29240/jhi.v9i1.8726
[17] Awini, G. … Braimah, S. M. (2024). The use of innovative pedagogies in attaining un sustainable development goal 4: Quality education for learning outcomes in emerging markets. In Digital Analytics Applications for Sustainable Training and Education (pp. 257–274). https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85200925364&partnerID=40&md5=064b6b6971f10d3183b8753a72c3cc13
[18] Azra, A. (2012). Pendidikan Islam: Tradisi dan Modernisasi di tengah Tantangan Milenium III. Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group.
[19] Baharuddin, A. S. … Rahim, A. A. (2019). An Appraisal of Maqāsid Al-Shariʿah Classic and Recent Literature: Systematic Analysis. Library Philosophy and Practice. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85100643530&partnerID=40&md5=484fe35f51b6bce7a312162176143a37
[20] Bashori, A., & Jusoh, W. N. H. W. (2023). Epistemology of Fatwas on Digital Transaction in Indonesia. Jurnal Hukum Islam, 21(2), 231–278. https://doi.org/10.28918/jhi_v21i2_02
[21] Bennett, S. (2012). Digital natives. In Encyclopedia of Cyber Behavior (Vol. 1, pp. 212–219). https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-0315-8.ch018
[22] Berryman, C. … Negy, C. (2018). Social Media Use and Mental Health among Young Adults. Psychiatric Quarterly, 89(2), 307–314. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11126-017-9535-6
[23] Cahyani, A. I. (2018). Plagiarisme dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam. Jurnal Al-Qadau: Peradilan Dan Hukum Keluarga Islam, 5(2), 271. https://doi.org/10.24252/al-qadau.v5i2.7108
[24] Camilleri, M. A., & Camilleri, A. C. (2020). The Sustainable Development Goal on Quality Education. In CSR, Sustainability, Ethics and Governance (pp. 261–277). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21154-7_13
[25] Carvalho, L. … Rebola, F. (2024). Quality Education for All: A Fuzzy Set Analysis of Sustainable Development Goal Compliance. Sustainability (Switzerland), 16(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/su16125218
[26] Chambers, D. (2013). Social Media and Teenage Friendships. In Palgrave Macmillan Studies in Family and Intimate Life (pp. 82–101). https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137314444_5
[27] Chang, C.-W., & Chang, S.-H. (2023). The Impact of Digital Disruption: Influences of Digital Media and Social Networks on Forming Digital Natives’ Attitude. SAGE Open, 13(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440231191741
[28] Chaudhary, M. Y. (2020). Initial Considerations for Islamic Digital Ethics. Philosophy and Technology, 33(4), 639–657. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-020-00418-3
[29] Cholid, N., & Putri, L. I. (2021). Development of Fikih Learning Module at Madrasah Tsanawiyah: An Inclusive Approach. Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam, 18(1), 195–214. https://doi.org/10.14421/jpai.2021.181-10
[30] Decamp, M. (2015). Ethical issues when using social media for health outside professional relationships. International Review of Psychiatry, 27(2), 97–105. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2014.1001726
[31] Dhamodharan, M., & Sunaina, K. (2023). Cyberbullying: A disturbed psyche and digital abuse in 21st century. In Analyzing New Forms of Social Disorders in Modern Virtual Environments (pp. 224–249). https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-5760-3.ch010
[32] Eberhard, S. (2019). Applying a framework to document and analyze the learning design intent with learning analytics in an online course. Pacific Journal of Technology Enhanced Learning, 2(1), 23. https://doi.org/10.24135/pjtel.v2i1.38
[33] Eickelman, D. F. (2015). Who Gets the Past? The Changing Face of Islamic Authority and Religious Knowledge. In Knowledge and Space (Vol. 7, pp. 135–145). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9960-7_6
[34] Faizah, N. … Muslimin, J. M. (2024). Systematic Literature Review: Social Media Usage in Generation Z from the Perspective of Digital Ethics and Islamic Ethics. 2024 12th International Conference on Cyber and IT Service Management, CITSM 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/CITSM64103.2024.10775411
[35] Gad Makhlouf, A. (2021). The Doctrinal Development of Contemporary Islamic Law: Fiqh Academies as an Institutional Framework. Oxford Journal of Law and Religion, 10(3), 464–486. https://doi.org/10.1093/ojlr/rwac005
[36] Ghofar, A. … Imamia, T. L. (2024). Young muslim generation’s preferences for using digital platforms for Zakat payments: A cross-country study of Indonesia and Malaysia. Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development, 8(6). https://doi.org/10.24294/JIPD.V8I6.3249
[37] Giannella, L. (2017). The power of online learning. Biochemist, 39(6), 42–43. https://doi.org/10.1042/bio03906042
[38] Haddade, H. … Ibrahim, A. (2024). Madrasah management strategies through Madrasah Reform program: an evidence from Indonesia. International Journal of Educational Management, 38(5), 1289–1304. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-05-2023-0236
[39] Hadi, F. Y. N. (2024). Madrasah dalam Kurun Modernitas. Fatiha Media.
[40] Hasanah, N. (2021). The Role of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah in Building Student Characters in The Era Of The 4.0 Industrial Revolution. Nazhruna: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 4(2), 310–319. https://doi.org/10.31538/nzh.v4i2.1304
[41] Hester, P. T., & Adams, K. M. (2017). Observation. In Topics in Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality (Vol. 33, pp. 317–333). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54672-8_15
[42] Hidayati, T. … Atika, A. (2023). Digitalization of Islamic Finance: Epistemological Study of the National Sharia Board-Indonesian Council of Ulama’s Fatwa. Al-Ahkam, 33(2), 255–278. https://doi.org/10.21580/ahkam.2023.33.2.17324
[43] Hudaa, S. … Wajdi, M. B. N. (2024). Achieving excellence: the role of digital transformation in madrasah management and Islamic culture. Cogent Arts and Humanities, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2024.2304407
[44] Indra, Z. (2022). Augmented Reality Development with Android-Based Marker Based Tracking Method on Learning Media. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2659. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0118394
[45] Irawan, E. (2019). Digitalisasi Madrasah di Era Revolusi Industri 4.0: Refleksi Kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat di Kabupaten Ponorogo. E-Dimas: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 10(2), 160. https://doi.org/10.26877/e-dimas.v10i2.3229
[46] Juandi, W., & Yasid, A. (2016). Discourse of Islamic jurisprudence in Indonesian Ma’had Aly between Taqlidy and Manhajy. Journal of Indonesian Islam, 10(1), 139–158. https://doi.org/10.15642/jiis.2016.10.1.139-158
[47] Junaedi, M. (2016). Fiqih Indonesia: Tinjuan Kritis Epistemologi. Syariati: Jurnal Studi Al-Qur’an Dan Hukum, 2(01), 47–70. https://doi.org/10.32699/syariati.v2i01.1121
[48] Juwita, R. … Triadi, M. R. (2022). Investment Decision of Cryptocurrency in Millennials and Gen Z BT - Proceedings of the International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Social Science 2022 (iCAST-SS 2022). Proceedings of the International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Social Science 2022 (ICAST-SS 2022), 725–731. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-494069-83-1_126
[49] Kannan, L., & Kumar, T. P. (2022). Social Media—The Emotional and Mental Roller-Coaster of Gen Z: An Empirical Study. In Palgrave Studies in Democracy, Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Growth (pp. 81–102). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79709-6_4
[50] Karyono, G. … Asmai, S. A. (2019). Privacy, ethics, and security on social media: An Islamic overview. International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering, 8(1.5 Special Issue), 288–293. https://doi.org/10.30534/ijatcse/2019/5081.52019
[51] Khalfaoui, M. (2014). Madrasa: The history of the transmission of knowledge in the Islamic world and beyond. Schweizerische Zeitschrift Fur Religions- Und Kulturgeschichte, 108, 449–464. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84921981952&partnerID=40&md5=bb8b9c07e0460ea2cd64f1b4c2d5c13a
[52] Kohnová, L., & Papula, J. (2020). Generation Z: Social media as a tool for education. Proceedings of the 7th European Conference on Social Media, ECSM 2020, 127–134. https://doi.org/10.34190/ESM.20.072
[53] Korhonen, T. … Salo, L. (2024). Finnish teachers’ experiences with transformative digital agency. Cogent Education, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2024.2402683
[54] Kusmawati, H., & Surachman, A. I. (2019). Glokalisasi Kurikulum Pendidikan Agama Islam Madrasah Aliyah Keagamaan Di Era Revolusi Industri 4.0. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar, 6(2), 98. https://doi.org/10.30659/pendas.6.2.98-115
[55] Lipschultz, J. H. (2019). Social Media Ethics 2.0. In Next-Generation Ethics: Engineering a Better Society (pp. 426–441). https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108616188.027
[56] Luthfi, A. H., & Mursyidi, A. F. (2024). Dynamics of Thought in the Fiqh of Civilization Halaqah at Pesantren Affiliated with Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) in Yogyakarta. Ijtihad: Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam Dan Kemanusiaan, 24(1), 71–95. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijtihad.v24i1.71-95
[57] Majid, H. T. … Faridah, E. S. (2024). Telaah Kurikulum Merdeka Pembelajaran Fiqih Di Madrasah Tsanawiyah Pondok Pesantren Al-Mawaddah Ciganjur Jakarta. Jurnal Pendidikan Sosial Dan Humaniora, 3(1), 164–174. https://publisherqu.com/index.php/pediaqu/article/view/801
[58] Mansyur, Z. (2020). Implementasi Teori Maqashid Syari`Ah Asy-Syatibi Dalam Muamalah Kontemporer. Jurisdictie: Jurnal Hukum Dan Syariah, 11(1), 67–92. https://doi.org/10.18860/j.v11i1.7675
[59] Miles, M. B. … Saldaña, J. (2014). Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook (3rd ed.). New York: SAGE Publications.
[60] Mohammed, J. A. (2013). The ethical system in islam - implications for business practices. In Handbook of the Philosophical Foundations of Business Ethics (pp. 873–882). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1494-6_3
[61] Mohd Yusob, M. L. … Jamil, L. S. M. (2015). Maqasid al-shariah as a parameter for islamic countries in screening international treaties before ratification: An analysis. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 23(SpecialIssue11), 219–226. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85012867906&partnerID=40&md5=9f01b1df8fa36e54b4ac87a4f22ac303
[62] Mojtahe, K. (2022). How social media affecting the mental health of Gen-Z: A mixed method study. Revista de Psiquiatria Clinica, 49(1), 114–118. https://doi.org/10.15761/0101-60830000000345
[63] Montenegro-Rueda, M., & Fernández-Batanero, J. M. (2022). Digital Competence of Special Education Teachers: Impact, Challenges and Opportunities. Australasian Journal of Special and Inclusive Education, 46(2), 178–192. https://doi.org/10.1017/jsi.2022.8
[64] Musri, N. A., & Adiyono, A. (2023). Kompetensi Guru Mata Pelajaran Fiqih dalam Meningkatkan Keunikan Belajar. Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen Dan Pendidikan, 3(1), 33–42. https://doi.org/10.30872/jimpian.v3i1.2203
[65] Nasution, S. … Pohan, A. J. (2021). Dinamika Pesantren : Studi Futuristic Transformasi- Tansmisi Sistem Pesantren di Mandailing Natal. Edukasi Islami: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 10(3), 319–341. https://doi.org/10.30868/ei.v10i001.1853
[66] Nightingale, A. J. (2019). Triangulation. In International Encyclopedia of Human Geography, Second Edition (pp. 477–480). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102295-5.10437-8
[67] Norman, N. A., & Ruhullah, M. E. (2024). Exploring The Ethical Dimensions Of Fiqh: The Role Of The Soul In Achieving Maqāṣid Al-Sharī‘Ah. Al-Shajarah, 29(1), 47–77. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85199269891&partnerID=40&md5=f2fb61b953cc6160816d4114baee56a0
[68] Novriantoni, F., & Dewi, D. E. C. (2024). Desain Pengembangan Kurikulum PAI Pada MI dalam Menghadapi Era Milenial. Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research, 4(1), 8415–8428. https://doi.org/10.31004/innovative.v4i1.8834
[69] Núñez-Gómez, P. … Hermida-Ayala, L.-A. (2012). Trends in the social and interpersonal relations of young people and digital natives in the Web 2.0. Revista Latina de Comunicacion Social, 67, 179–201. https://doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-067-952-179-201-EN
[70] Paseru, A. K. … Hendratno, S. P. (2023a). Analysis Factors Influencing Gen Z on Investment Decisions of Cryptocurrency in Indonesia. Proceedings of the 2023 6th International Conference on Computers in Management and Business, 37–42. https://doi.org/10.1145/3584816.3584822
[71] Paseru, A. K. … Hendratno, S. P. (2023b). Analysis Factors Influencing Gen Z on Investment Decisions of Cryptocurrency in Indonesia. ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, 37–42. https://doi.org/10.1145/3584816.3584822
[72] Patria, B. (2023). Students are Happier in Madrasah: The Results of Bayesian Analysis on Indonesian National Survey Data. Islamic Guidance and Counseling Journal, 6(2), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.25217/0020236406800
[73] Pavani, N., & Shyamala, K. (2024). Scrutinization of Text, Images and Audio Posts on Social Media for Identifying Fake Content. Communications in Computer and Information Science, 1956 CCIS, 287–300. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-48879-5_22
[74] Piwko, A. … Adamski, A. (2021). Islamic Doctrine On Mass Media: From Theological Assumptions To The Practical Ethics Of The Media. Journal for the Study of Religions and Ideologies, 20(60), 191–210. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85127402993&partnerID=40&md5=650e432a429a8afe206446416754acfe
[75] Poljarevic, E. (2015). Islamic tradition and meanings of modernity. International Journal for History, Culture and Modernity, 3(1), 29–57. https://doi.org/10.18352/22130624-00301002
[76] Purwanto, M. R. (2019). Pemikiran Imam Syafi’i dalam Kitab Al-Risalah tentang Qiyas dan Perkembangannya dalam Ushul Fiqh. Yogyakarta: Universitas Islam Indonesia.
[77] Putri, A. M., & Astutik, A. P. (2021). Tiktok as a Generation-Z Islamic Religious Learning Media During the Covid-19 Pandemic. Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam, 18(2), 273–294. https://doi.org/10.14421/jpai.2021.182-04
[78] Rafli, M. (2024). Indonesia Masuk 10 Besar Negara dengan Durasi Bermedia Sosial Terlama 2024. Data.Goodstats.Id/. https://data.goodstats.id/statistic/indonesia-masuk-10-besar-negara-dengan-durasi-bermedia-sosial-terlama-2024-9xl8E#:~:text=Berdasarkan laporan Digital 2024 yang,%2C6%25 selama setahun terakhir
[79] Rahmadhani, N. … Lessy, Z. (2024). Kompetensi Guru Fikih dalam Merencanakan Media Pembelajaran di Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Medan. Nusantara: Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia, 4(2). https://journal.rumahindonesia.org/index.php/njpi/index
[80] Ramadani, L. … Abdi, H. (2024). Project Based Learning in Fiqh Learning and Its Effect on Students’ Higher Order Thinking Skills. International Journal of Islamic Studies Higher Education, 3(1), 22–31. https://doi.org/10.24036/insight.v3i1.173
[81] Ramli, M. A. … Ibrahim, Z. (2013). Gender analysis in contemporary Islamic discourse. Asian Social Science, 9(7), 62–74. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v9n7p62
[82] Ristanti, I. (2023). Digitalisasi Perencanaan Pendidikan Islam Di Madrasah. Mapendis: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 1(1). https://jurnal.staiannawawi.com/index.php/Mapendis/article/view/593
[83] Rohayana, A. D., & Muhtarom, A. (2021). Islamic Jurisprudence Implementation in Indonesia: Perspective of the Objectives of Islamic Law. Global Jurist, 21(2), 403–415. https://doi.org/10.1515/gj-2020-0078
[84] Rohman, A. … Miyono, N. (2023). Integrating traditional-modern education in madrasa to promote competitive graduates in the globalization era. Cogent Education, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2023.2268456
[85] Rohman, F. (2017). Pembelajaran Fiqih Berbasis Masalah melalui Kegiatan Musyawarah di Pondok Pesantren Al-Anwar Sarang Rembang. Al-Tadzkiyyah: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 8(2), 179. https://doi.org/10.24042/atjpi.v8i2.2124
[86] Rossanty, Y. … Nasution, T. A. M. (2021). Islam, opinion leaders, and social media influencer. In The Role of Islamic Spirituality in the Management and Leadership Process (pp. 66–84). https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6892-7.ch004
[87] Sao, R. … Mondal, S. (2024). Social media and gen z’s mental well-being: Impact of excessive usage on anxiety, stress, and depression levels analysis. Purushartha, 17(1), 23–38. https://doi.org/10.21844/16202117102
[88] Sciberras, M., & Dingli, A. (2023). Research Analysis—Triangulation Approach. In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems (Vol. 568, pp. 31–32). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19900-4_9
[89] Singh, N. … Bostick, K. (2012). Global Social Media Usage: Insights Into Reaching Consumers Worldwide. Thunderbird International Business Review, 54(5), 683–700. https://doi.org/10.1002/tie.21493
[90] Soldatova, G. … Rasskazova, E. (2024). Collisions and Perceptions of Cyberbullying: Comparison of Intergenerational Experiences. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 21(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21091148
[91] Sutrisno, S., & Nasucha, J. A. (2023). Islamic Religious Education Project-Based Learning Model to Improve Student Creativity. At-Tadzkir: Islamic Education Journal, 1(1), 13–22. https://doi.org/10.59373/attadzkir.v1i1.3
[92] Swenson-Lepper, T., & Kerby, A. (2019). Cyberbullies, Trolls, and Stalkers: Students’ Perceptions of Ethical Issues in Social Media. Journal of Media Ethics: Exploring Questions of Media Morality, 34(2), 102–113. https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2019.1599721
[93] Takim, L. (2014). Maqāṣid al-sharī‘a in contemporary Shī’ī jurisprudence. In Maqasid Al-Shari’a and Contemporary Reformist Muslim Thought: An Examination (pp. 101–125). https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137319418_5
[94] Teo, T. (2013). An initial development and validation of a Digital Natives Assessment Scale (DNAS). Computers and Education, 67, 51–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2013.02.012
[95] Tumangkeng, M. W., & Kawilarang, P. (2024). The Effect of Investment Perception, Self-efficacy, Initial Capital, and Investment Understanding on Cryptocurrency Investment Interest in Indonesian Z Generation. In Studies in Systems, Decision and Control (Vol. 517, pp. 445–457). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50939-1_33
[96] Ulum, B., & Arifullah, M. (2024). Contextualizing Fiqh al-Siyāsah in Indonesia: A Proposed Typology of Islamic Populism. Ahkam: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah, 24(2). https://doi.org/10.15408/ajis.v24i1.37747
[97] Umah, E. C. … Praherdhiono, H. (2023). Madrasah Principal Digital Leadership Innovation In Digital Learning Transformation. Revista de Gestao Social e Ambiental, 17(3). https://doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v17n3-025
[98] Väätäjä, J., & Frangou, S.-M. (2021). Conceptualising a Model for Meaningful Digital Pedagogy. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 13117 LNCS, 241–251. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91540-7_26
[99] Yasa, A. (2015). The development of Indonesian Islamic law: A historical overview. Journal of Indonesian Islam, 9(1), 101–122. https://doi.org/10.15642/JIIS.2015.9.1.101-122
[100] Yeoh, M. P. (2023). Quality research on the quest for inclusive and equitable quality education, SDG 4. In Modeling for Sustainable Development: A Multidisciplinary Approach (pp. 41–55). https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85173636969&partnerID=40&md5=1f7958d11c32182384381c3e7cf7de7f
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Suryadi Nasution, Ali Jusri Pohan, Khairurrijal, Nelmi Hayati, Zuhdi Hsb, Andri Muda Nst (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The AJIE content is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). Authors retain unrestricted copyright and publishing rights of their articles. Authors grant the Publisher the Affairs Al-Hayat Al-Istiqomah Foundation a license to publish the article and identify itself as the original publisher. Authors also grant any third party the right to use or reuse the article freely as long as its original authors and citation details are identified.
